Dust and blowing dust have become common weather phenomena, particularly in the Arabian Peninsula. The increased frequency of these storms is attributed to higher levels of drought and the scarcity of winter rainfall in the region, especially over the past few years, in addition to various human activities.
Studies indicate that dust has a direct impact on human health, manifested in the rise of respiratory-related illnesses, as well as its negative effects on ecosystems and critical infrastructure.
The impact of dust is not limited to health and the environment; it also extends to major economic sectors. These include the disruption of land, sea, and air navigation—especially when horizontal visibility drops below 500 meters.
Sources of Dust:
There are five main sources of dust that affect the Arabian Peninsula:
- The Tigris and Euphrates River Basin in Iraq
- The region of Sistan, Balochistan, and Afghanistan
- The eastern side of the Hijaz Mountains
- The southwestern region of the Hajar Mountains
- North Africa
Dust and Blowing Dust:
Dust and blowing dust form as a result of strong surface winds over semi-arid lands that lack vegetation. These areas are characterized by loose and unconsolidated soils—especially deserts and exposed regions—leading to reduced horizontal visibility, and in some cases, complete blackout conditions.
Key Causes of Dust:
• Rising temperatures
• Air fronts and northern winds
• Western winds
• Thunderstorms
• Human activities
Climate, soil type, and topography are also essential factors that must be studied to determine a region’s vulnerability to such weather events.
How to Act During Dust Event:
• Securely close windows and use an air purifier indoors.
• Avoid leaving the house unless absolutely necessary.
• Reduce vehicle speed to match visibility conditions, especially during strong winds.
• Cover the nose and mouth with a mask or a damp cloth, and wear protective glasses for eye safety.